Placement and Quantitating of FACTS Devices in a Power System Including the Wind Unit to Enhance System Parameters

One of the main concerns of network operators is the enhancement of system parameters; accordingly, a set of different means to this end are posed. However, the use of renewable energies such as the wind could increase the importance of the debate over sustainability and conditions of power system parameters. In this study, the condition of said parameters is examined by placing FACTS (Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System) devices in a 24-bus power system including a wind farm. Research data entailing information on the wind and the amount of consumption load per year are classified by using the K-means classification algorithm; then, the objective function is obtained according to the parameters intended for optimization. This function is optimized by using the Honey-bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm followed by obtaining the suitable place and amount for FACTS devices. The results showed that the examined parameters are optimized when using FACTS devices

Analysis of Solar Chimney Power Plants Based on the Bam\u27s Climate

One of the ways to generate power from the solar energy is to use the solar chimney technology. In the present study, by examining the weather map of Iran and using GIS software for selecting the appropriate area for the power plant site, the four physical models proposed studied for the solar chimney. This study is a numerical simulation (by MATLAB) regarding four physical models of solar chimneys in the city of Bam site, in Kerman province. The difference between the four mentioned models of the solar chimney is in storage system and the use of air diffuser. The behaviors of all four models were examined according to the valid meteorological information on a specific day from the target site. According to the results of the simulation, which includes airflow speed in several internal parts of the chimney and the production capacity of each of the mentioned models, the best and most proper model of solar chimney can be selected for the studies site and a proper estimation of the final production can be obtained

Investigating the Intelligent Methods of Loss Minimization in Induction Motors

Induction motors are widely used in industry. Given the increasing demand for electric machines in different industries, optimization of these machines to achieve a high efficiency with low cost is of utmost importance. Loss-minimization in motor is done in three ways: 1) optimizing motor selection and design; 2) improving motor power supply waveforms; and 3) using appropriate controlling methods in drives. Often, inductive motors provide the maximum efficiency in their nominal load. In most applications it is necessary for a motor to work in light loads for a long time, e.g. in conveyors, elevators, etc. In these conditions, the machine load is not the nominal load, and a higher percentage of the input power is lost. So, in the case of variable load, the first and second methods cannot increase the efficiency; but the third method provides a large flexibility in decreasing motor losses. In this paper, the application of the third method in loss-minimization is reviewed. These motor losses are mostly related to the controlling strategy and basically occur in light-load conditions. There are various strategies to decrease this kind of losses, which are generally divided into two categories: classic methods and intelligent methods. In this paper, first the classic methods, including losses model control (LMC), flux control as a function of torque and search control (SC), are discussed. Then the intelligent methods, such as genetic algorithm, PSO, fuzzy logic and artificial neural network are investigated. This paper is presented while the last methods of efficiency improvement are being investigated and each method is described briefly

Multi-objective optimal reactive power planning under load demand and wind power generation uncertainties using ε-constraint method

© 2020 by the authors. This paper presents an improved multi-objective probabilistic Reactive Power Planning (RPP) in power systems considering uncertainties of load demand and wind power generation. The proposed method is capable of simultaneously (1) reducing the reactive power investment cost, (2) minimizing the total active power losses, (3) improving the voltage stability, and (4) enhancing the loadability factor. The generators\u27 voltage magnitude, the transformer\u27s tap settings, and the output reactive power of VAR sources are taken into account as the control variables. To solve the probabilistic multi-objective RPP problem, the -constraint method is used. To test the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the IEEE 30-bus test system is implemented in the GAMS environment under five different conditions. Finally, for a better comprehension of the obtained results, a brief comparison of outcomes is presented

Development of generator aggregation technique for power system

Generator Aggregation is a technique for power system and this technique is important for analyzing because this method practically ignores the control system that exists in the generator system. Classical aggregation is still able to provide a good approximation on the stability of the system. .The theory of generator aggregation in transmission line systems based on faults and variation of voltage is presented. Voltage and frequency will very when a fault occurs in the power system. Fault study can be simplified by using the generators aggregation. Inertia aggregation techniques which are based on for assessment processing, to locate the location in transmission lines, are proposed in this thesis. The generator aggregation is extracted from the modal stability of voltages at the single and multi machines of the power system network. The technique identifies the fault by using the information contained in the system. 3 generators and 4 buses are modeled in the analyzing to the study. This technique is implemented in MATLAB and the performance is tested on the variation of simulation such as the model aggregated stability of voltage is faster than non aggregated

Standalone Operation of Modified Seven-Level Packed U-Cell (MPUC) Single-Phase Inverter

In this paper the standalone operation of the modified seven-level Packed U-Cell (MPUC) inverter is presented and analyzed. The MPUC inverter has two DC sources and six switches, which generate seven voltage levels at the output. Compared to cascaded H-bridge and neutral point clamp multilevel inverters, the MPUC inverter generates a higher number of voltage levels using fewer components. The experimental results of the MPUC prototype validate the appropriate operation of the multilevel inverter dealing with various load types including motor, linear, and nonlinear ones. The design considerations, including output AC voltage RMS value, switching frequency, and switch voltage rating, as well as the harmonic analysis of the output voltage waveform, are taken into account to prove the advantages of the introduced multilevel inverter

Calculation the energy levels and charge radius of 24Mg and 32S isotopes in the cluster model

In this work, theThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Fundamentals of soil stabilization

Abstract Clayey soils are usually stiff when they are dry and give up their stiffness as they become saturated. Soft clays are associated with low compressive strength and excessive settlement. This reduction in strength due to moisture leads to severe damages to buildings and foundations. The soil behavior can be a challenge to the designer build infrastructure plans to on clay deposits. The damage due to the expansive soils every year is expected to be $1 billion in the USA, £150 million in the UK, and many billions of pounds worldwide. The damages associated with expansive soils are not because of the lack of inadequate engineering solutions but to the failure to identify the existence and magnitude of expansion of these soils in the early stage of project planning. One of the methods for soil improvement is that the problematic soil is replaced by suitable soil. The high cost involved in this method has led researchers to identify alternative methods, and soil stabilization with different additives is one of those methods. Recently, modern scientific techniques of soil stabilization are on offer for this purpose. Stabilized soil is a composite material that is obtained from the combination and optimization of properties of constituent materials. Adding cementing agents such as lime, cement and industrial byproducts like fly ash and slag, with soil results in improved geotechnical properties. However, during the past few decades, a number of cases have been reported where sulfate-rich soils stabilized by cement or lime underwent a significant amount of heave leading to pavement failure. This research paper addressed the some fundamental and success soil improvement that used in civil engineering field

Technoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of Hybrid Solar-Wind-Hydrodiesel Renewable Energy Systems Using Two Dispatch Strategies

Sustainable generation is impacted by the adoption of renewable energy, the growth of energy markets, and economic strategies. This paper offers a sustainable strategy and a technoeconomic analysis of off-grid hybrid energy systems (HES) in remote islands of Iran, including Lavan, Larak, and Failaka, utilizing PV module, wind turbine, and hydrokinetic turbines. Hourly wind speed, solar irradiation, and hydrovelocity have been implemented under load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC) dispatch strategies in order to ascertain the most appropriate systems. Lavan Island achieves the winning HES with a CC dispatch strategy, which consists of 3 hydroelectric turbines, 1 wind turbine, 349 kW of solar power, 150 kW of generator power, 316 kWh of batteries, and 287 kW of the converter. This ideal HES, which generates a consistent generation profile and reasonable net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE) of M0.160$and$0.013 kWh, respectively, can be practically attained in these areas. LF-controlled optimal solutions use less fuel than CC-based ones, leading to a higher share of renewable energy. Compared to Larak and Lavan, the CC- and LF-controlled options on Failaka Island generate cleaner electricity with emissions that are 57% and 44% lower. Regarding the ability to recoup the project’s initial investment costs, long-term energy production would be more financially viable than short-term. Short-term projects with higher financial uncertainty due to the salvage cost should use the CC method